Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 2290
Warning: implode() [function.implode]: Argument must be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3242
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3306
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 2290
Warning: implode() [function.implode]: Argument must be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3242
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3306
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 2290
Warning: implode() [function.implode]: Argument must be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3242
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3306
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3643
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3651
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3654
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 1925
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 2290
Warning: implode() [function.implode]: Argument must be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3242
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3265
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3306
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3357
Warning: array_keys() [function.array-keys]: The first argument should be an array in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
Warning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in /home/aetheric/public_html/blender/wp-content/plugins/devformatter/geshi/geshi.php on line 3502
One of the features of Ruby’s Kernel module (which is imported into Object, so it’s available in every class) is the binding. The binding allows you to keep a pointer to the scope at a particular location in your application and then later evaluate code from that location.
For example (and this came up as the result of a question on the ruby talk mailing list), one of the things you can do is obtain a list of the local variables of a method:
| | | copy code | | ? |
| 1 | def my_vars(a) |
| 2 | b=a |
| 3 | c=b+a |
| 4 | puts local_variables |
| 5 | end |
returns the three variables, a, b, and c. That’s fine, we’re still within the scope of the method. But how about outside of our method? This is where #binding and the Binding class come into play:
| | | copy code | | ? |
| 1 | def outside(b) |
| 2 | puts eval("local_variables", b) |
| 3 | end |
| 4 | |
| 5 | def my_vars(a) |
| 6 | b=a |
| 7 | c=b+a |
| 8 | outside(binding) |
| 9 | end |
One thing to note: in order to work with the binding, we have to #eval code within its scope. Thus the call to #eval with the method we are invoking and the binding. This leads to the question from the mailing list:
we already have #has_block? to see if a block was passed. So how about
a #has_arguments? to query if _any_ arguments have been passed — Intransition
So how would we go about writing a #has_arguments? — here is a first stab:
| | | copy code | | ? |
| 01 | class Object |
| 02 | def has_arguments?(b) |
| 03 | vars = eval("local_variables",b) |
| 04 | return false if vars.length == 0 |
| 05 | vars.each do |v| |
| 06 | return false if eval("#{v}.nil?",b) |
| 07 | end |
| 08 | return true |
| 09 | end |
| 10 | end |
| 11 | |
| 12 | class Foo |
| 13 | def initialize(first=nil) |
| 14 | if (has_arguments? binding) |
| 15 | puts "We're defined" |
| 16 | else |
| 17 | puts "Not!" |
| 18 | end |
| 19 | end |
| 20 | end |
The only real drawback here is that we’ve got to pass in the binding itself. Let’s try again:
| | | copy code | | ? |
| 01 | class Object |
| 02 | def has_arguments?(&b) |
| 03 | vars = eval("local_variables",b.binding) |
| 04 | return false if vars.length == 0 |
| 05 | vars.each do |v| |
| 06 | return false if eval("#{v}.nil?",b) |
| 07 | end |
| 08 | return true |
| 09 | end |
| 10 | end |
| 11 | |
| 12 | class Foo |
| 13 | def initialize(first=nil) |
| 14 | if (has_arguments? {}) # note the empty block |
| 15 | puts "We're defined" |
| 16 | else |
| 17 | puts "Not!" |
| 18 | end |
| 19 | end |
| 20 | end |
In this case, instead of explicitly calling #binding, we’re passing in an empty block — the block has it’s own scope, but it happens to contain the scope of then enclosing method. It’s still not perfect, however:
- You need to pass in an empty block.
- It fails if you have local variables other than those passed in as arguments. (Pointed out by Joel VanderWerf)
Ok, it’s got some serious flaws (Charles Nutter posted a different way of solving the problem, which does work for all cases, and doesn’t use #binding). But it does give an idea of what you can do with #binding.
